The Convention on the Rights of Children Essay -- Essays Papers

The Convention on the Rights of Children Growing up, I could not possibly count the number of times my parents told me how hard it was to raise a child in this world. I can, however, remember how hard it was being one. Luckily, I was blessed with two loving parents who always had my best interests in mind and eventually as I passed through the innocence of my youth and the awkwardness of adolescence to where I am today, I got to fully understand the sacrifices that they made on my behalf. I also realize that not everyone has guardians who are able or willing to make such sacrifices, and as a result children can often suffer. As a society, we must investigate potential dangers to children that could hurt their upbringing both physically and mentally, and come to terms with certain solutions that would help underprivileged children. According to UNICEF, an estimated 12 million children under the age of five die every year of easily preventable causes, and about 160 million children are severely or moderately malnourished. Th ese figures only describe the tip of the iceberg in terms of physical barriers that children around the world face, and we cannot ever truly know the amount of emotional abuses that coincides with this figure. Clearly, something is not right and needs to be addressed in order to protect children on a global level. In order to determine the manner in which to protect children, we have to examine the nature of their rights. Do children have the need for special rights aside from established adult human rights? I would think so, and many would agree with that conclusion. Issues such as infant mortality, child labor, and child abuse extend beyond the scope of adult human rights. For instance, whereas an adu... ... to be addressed in addition to the human rights afforded to adults. Children are more vulnerable than adults and face several different issues that currently are not addressed in world affairs. The Convention on the Rights of the Child attempts to address these matters, but the lack of support from the United States gives the document a lack of esteem in terms of world respect. Obviously, there is something wrong with the picture that the U.S. and Somalia (which only does not sign because it does not have an official government) are the only countries to hold out from the process. The United States has the obligation as a world leader to not only participate in human rights issues, but to be an active leader in such matters. The U.S. has failed in both respects, and owes it to the children of the world to be a signatory on the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Classical Approach Essay

These clinics provide a range of primary health care services with eye care often being a neglected component. The personnel at this level of the health care system are expected to be multi-skilled with eye care skills being one of their range of skills. The eye care personnel are usually primary health care nurses who have completed a course in eye care. Vision screening and treatment of basic acute eye conditions such as  conjunctivitis, is the main role of eye care personnel at this level. In addition they should be able to engage in health promotion activities by developing eye health education tools and communicating these messages to the community the clinic serves. District health clinic Primarily responsible for primary health care services and serves or receives referral from a number of primary health care clinics. These clinics are generally staffed by primary health care nurses with medical doctors on a permanent or part time basis depending on the number of people in the catchment area or remoteness of the clinics. Furthermore ophthalmic nurses (ON), ophthalmic clinical officers (OCO) and/or ophthalmic medical assistants (OMA) are deployed in some countries to these clinics. THE DISTRICT HEALTH SYSTEM (CONT.) District Hospital Secondary level of care is provided in these hospitals. These hospitals serve a number of health districts, which refer patients to them. Ocular disease diagnosis and management, refraction and low vision are usually provided at this level. The district hospitals can be staffed by ophthalmologists, optometrists, ON, OCO, OMA. REGIONAL HOSPITAL Secondary and tertiary level of eye care is provided at these hospitals, which are often the referral site for a group of district hospitals Eyecare staff may include ON, OCO, OMA, optometrists and ophthalmologists PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL Tertiary and quaternary care is provided at this level. Serves a few regional hospitals which refer cases that cannot be managed at a regional level Eyecare staff may include ophthalmologists, optometrists and ON DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES It is critical that there be a clear definition of roles within the health district. Duplication should be avoided and a clearly defined referral system should be developed as in a climate of limited resources and overworked staff, duplication is illogical and wasteful. There are various participants of the eye care teams. The following are the possible roles that the different personnel play within health districts. These roles can vary across districts and are often not consistent, in the sense that their job descriptions could change periodically depending on resources and challenges at the district level: COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS The key roles for community health workers are usually screening, case finding, health promotion and health education. Key tasks for eye care include case finding and/or screening for ocular disease and refractive errors. While the primary health care nurse is well trained and ideal for ocular health and vision, case finding and/or screening, outreach from clinics is usually very difficult due to the plethora of tasks and patient numbers at this level. The community health workers therefore constitute an ideal cadre for community based eye care activity. They can be particularly useful in health promotion activity. This is necessary in rural areas in particular due to the high usage of alternative approaches to managing eye diseases e.g. urine being used as a treatment for conjunctivitis resulting in patients presenting at clinics with gonococcal conjunctivitis (Naidoo K  2006, pers. comm). PRIMARY HEALTH CARE NURSE (PHCN) The Primary Health Care Nurse is based at the primary health care clinic. The primary health care nurse is primarily responsible for case finding and for the basic therapeutic management of a broad range of diseases. Eye care is but one of the many tasks that they engage in. In terms of eye care they usually screen for eye diseases and visual loss and refer to the nearest clinic. However, they could also be responsible for the prescribing of presbyopic glasses after having ruled out the presence of any potentially blinding disease.Given the lack of knowledge about eye care their tasks can also include liaising with local community structures to promote eye care activities and uptake of the clinical services. The PHCN should address community groups and schools regarding the promotive and preventive approaches to eye care. An example is the alarming number of diabetic and hypertensive patients who are never informed about the impact of these systemic diseases on their eyes, usually du e to the hectic schedule of clinicians who diagnose these patients. This leads to diabetic and hypertensive patients only seeking eye care services when visual loss has occurred. Such patients can benefit tremendously from preventive and promotive efforts. DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES(CONT.) OPHTHALMIC NURSE (ON) / OPHTHALMIC MEDICAL ASSISTANT (OMA) / OPHTHALMIC CLINICAL OFFICER (OCO) ONs / OMAs / OCOs are mainly allocated to the district hospital but can also be deployed at the district clinic. In many health districts the ophthalmic nurses are the foundation of the eye care system as optometrists and ophthalmologists are unavailable. The ophthalmic nurses manage all ocular disease as well as conduct refractions in instances where they have been  provided with the additional training. OPTOMETRISTS Optometrists at the district hospital level are a very valuable resource in providing ocular disease management and refractive services. However the current limited number of posts as well as the unavailability of optometrists for the public sector often prevents these appointments from occurring. Given the current remuneration scales for optometry and the lack of posts in many countries insufficient number of optometrists are mobilised to take on positions at district hospitals. The role of the optometrist at a district hospital level in such circumstances should therefore be one of a visiting clinician to provide support for the ophthalmic nurse in the form of training and mentoring and managing complex cases. The optometrist’s primary location in such circumstances will be at the regional hospital level handling referrals from different district hospitals. At this level the optometrist should provide refraction services, low vision services and ocular disease diagnosis and co-management/management. OPHTHALMOLOGIST Ophthalmologists provide treatment and management of ocular disease, and surgical care. The lack of ophthalmologists as well as the attractiveness of the private sector makes it difficult to deploy ophthalmologists to district hospitals. They are therefore usually located at regional hospitals or large district hospitals. In order to significantly impact on the cataract surgical rates in the developing world it is necessary to increase the role of the ophthalmic nurses and optometrists in disease management and co-management of post surgical patients. DISTRICT HEALTH MANAGER The district manager is an integral component of the human resource team of the district. A supportive manager can enable enormous developments in terms of eye care, as the allocation of resources in the public sector is usually centrally controlled. The decentralisation of tasks to the district managers from the provincial government level creates an opportunity for greater  success with district level planning. THE TEAM APPROACH The public health system is often under-utilized due to the lack of a team effort in the delivery of health care services. The different personnel work independently and are often engaging in a duplication of tasks. Territorial approaches by professionals are quite common with a â€Å"my role† mentality predominating rather than an â€Å"us† mentality (Croasdale A 2006, pers. comm).In order to effectively generate cooperation team training in the form of clinical and planning workshops are important. Further there is also a lack of integration between the eye care personnel and other departments. This hinders the effective management of patients e.g. diabetic patients should be co-managed between the physician and the eye care personnel. DEFINING THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT CADRES (CONT.) CIVIL SOCIETY INTERVENTIONS The LV Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) in India has developed an innovative model for the delivery of eye care in the developing world (Fig. 2-1), which has been implemented very successfully (Rao, 2005). In this pyramid model, basic eye care screening is done by â€Å"Vision Guardians† at the village level, at a ratio of 1:5,000.â€Å"Vision Technicians† in Vision Centres at the community level provide primary eye care (1:50,000), while advanced tertiary care takes place at the Centre of Excellence level (1:50 million).Tasks are thus divided amongst the available workforce, so that the relatively few individuals capable of high-end tasks are freed to deliver those. Local communities should always be involved in the establishment of eye care services, and educated about eye care – since available facilities are not always accessed spontaneously.The WHO recommends that the minimum target for mid-level eye care personnel be 1:50,000 populations.

Conflict Between Hamlet And Laerte By William Shakespeare

Throughout Hamlet, several characters die. For most, this happens through combat, such as the duel between Hamlet and Laerte, which kills them both. In the play, however, two characters die in quick, seemingly careless ways. The first, the fair Ophelia, is killed by her own madness in what seems to be suicide. The other, Gertrude, dies due to the carelessness of her husband, who accidentally poisons her. In both of these cases, their deaths, and the events that led to them, represent a difference in the treatment of genders in Hamlet. This gender inequality can be examined through a feminist criticism lens. A feminist lens has multiple facets. Overall, its purpose is to look at the differences in gender and how they are reflected in patriarchal language and literature. These differences can appear in multiple forms, whether it be political, economic or psychological oppression. When viewing these issues, one of the key aspects to using a feministic approach is to identify with the fe male characters, and to be able to see the views of both them and the patriarchy. By doing this, the text can be deconstructed and looked at from multiple perspectives, allowing the differences in treatment and thought process to be clear. Beginning in Act I scene ii, the queen Gertrude is seen and, after her and the King Claudius convince Hamlet to stay in the castle until his grief is gone, they exit. After the queen and king leave, Hamlet begins to have monolouge. â€Å"...Frailty, thy name isShow MoreRelatedFriendship And Relationships In Hamlet919 Words   |  4 Pagesreason to read a novel in school is not so much for the fun of reading, but for the lessons learned. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is not considered a classic without good reason. The play touches upon a wide variety of topics, teaching the reader a great deal about life. Shakespeare provides wonderful insight into everything from friendships to death. Of all the stories taught in British Literature, Haml et is certainly the most important piece to keep due to the lessons in presents. It is definitelyRead MoreHamlet : A Classic Revenge Tragedy1103 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is not like any tragedy. Hamlet is a classic revenge tragedy. All the revenge tragedies were popular in England during the late 16th and early 17th. A Shakespearean tragedy is built upon a central conflict which runs through from the beginning to the end of the tragedy until the conflict is finally resolved. The play is built upon the long, tragic conflict between Hamlet and Claudius and the conflict is built upon the figure of revenge. The Driving points that shapes the plot of play areRead MoreHamlet Is Not Like Any Tragedy1142 Words   |  5 PagesLanguage Arts 12 10/30/17 Project: Shakespeare Essay Hamlet is not like any tragedy. Hamlet is a classic revenge tragedy. All the revenge tragedies were popular in England during the late 16th and early 17th. A Shakespearean tragedy is built upon a central conflict which runs through from the beginning to the end of the tragedy until the conflict is finally resolved. The play is built upon the long, tragic conflict between Hamlet and Claudius and the conflict is built upon the figure of revengeRead MoreA Tragedy Of Revenge By William Shakespeare1491 Words   |  6 PagesA Tragedy of Revenge In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, vengeance serves as a key aspect throughout the play causing the death of many characters. Each character constantly battles throughout the play and seeks revenge on one another. Some of the main conflicts lie right in the hands of the king. The death of a single character turned into a dysfunctional kingdom. The play focuses on the tragedy of revenge. 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It inhibits them from doing anything else and ultimately consumes them into nothingness with no greater good achieved. Shakespeare uses these characters to highlightRead MoreNo Matter The Reason, Revenge Causes A Cycle That Continues1108 Words   |  5 Pagesreflected the tragedy of William Shakespeare s Hamlet, as he uttered these timeless words. In Shakespeare s longest play, several of the characters become engulfed in the desire to kill their foes for their wrongdoings. Their thirst for revenge provokes them to act in irrational manners and fills their mind, body, and soul like poison. It inhibits them from doing anything else and ultimately consumes them into nothingness with no greater good achieved. Shakespeare highlights that no matter how

Analysis Of The Book 9 / 11 - 997 Words

Throughout the history of USA, 9/11 has been one of the worst tragedies that could have happened to the people of this country. No one could say it only have been 15 years since the time when the lives of many people, who had the misfortune to be in that time and place, at that exact moment, would stop forever in their memories. Everyone were affected in some way or another, since that was the day when all USA dressed for mourning and held one minute of silence for those innocents who died unjustly. 9/11 had thousands of stories that were not counted, hundreds of nameless heroes who were not recognized but have earned a special place in the hearts of the people who were saved for them and whom will be eternally grateful. I want to tell the story of one of those nameless heroes. One common day my family and I were having dinner at the table, as usual, my stepfather, Gonzalo begins to tell one of his many story, but on this occasion something was different, this time he was not the protagonist of that story, but a friend of his when he lived in New York. His name was David Smith, he was one of the firefighters who were sent to the twin towers after the terrorist attack occurred. This tragedy happened on a day that supposedly was going to be the most memorable for his wife and him, they were celebrating their anniversary. But something happened, his unit received an emergency call, told them they needed to go as soon as possible and take all their equipment, they were toldShow MoreRelatedHistorical Scholarship On Conspiracy On American Culture1254 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the book lacked explanation, it seemed as though the book was only written to those in the same academic field. 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Culture Drives Globalization Essay - 1559 Words

The term ‘globalization’ did not come about till the twentieth century however the processes of globalization had been around since the era of imperial domination. â€Å"The controversy surrounding the on-going debates about globalization is whether unfettered market forces will further diverge or converge income the world over. On the one hand, proponents of globalization say it has promoted information exchange, led to a greater understanding of other cultures, raised living standards, increased purchasing power (most especially in the west) and allowed democracy to triumph over communism.† Globalization usually takes different forms and will vary in meaning depending on the individual or group interested. Globalization has generally come†¦show more content†¦Economic globalization is best thought of as the processes leading to the interconnectedness of economic activity around the world, and creating the awareness that the world is single (market) pla ce. While cultural globalization can be defined as â€Å"a phenomenon by which the experience of everyday life, as influenced by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, reflects a standardization of cultural expressions around the world.† I disagree that it is culture rather than the economy that drives globalization because it is through the economic connectedness of the world that has enabled the conceptualization of the different forms of globalization, examples being a â€Å"global culture† or a standardized accepted form of political institutions. I will explain this further by stating how the economy, since the outset of globalization has been the driving force rather than culture. I will also state supporting and opposing arguments for this. 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Chapter1 Inventory System of G-Erb Construction Supply Free Essays

Chapter 1 1. Introduction In just half a century man’s way of life has drastically changed from black and white to vivid colors, for simplicity to complexity, and from laborious tasks to an easy click of the mouse. All these were brought about by the advent of modern technology, specifically with the invention and advancement of computers. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter1 Inventory System of G-Erb Construction Supply or any similar topic only for you Order Now High technology such as computers and other mediums is now in demand. Man is concerned on how to consume time wisely. They learned to explore and discover something new and tried to solve questions that pump up in their mind. Most of the establishments and institutions are using computer programs for business transactions. It helps employees to work efficiently in more comfortable way. New application is being developed to solve society’s problem. In this connection, computerized inventory is needed for G-ERB Construction Supply. Manual operation of inventory would cost a lot of effort and time; however, through a computerized inventory system everything would be better. This research is trying to establish a computerized inventory system. 1. Background of the Study Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, delivery quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. In a global economy with intense competition, information technology can mean the difference between success and failure. Information technology has revolutionized the phase of business around the world. It helped business in advertising and in customer services. Accessibility of files also has become an easy task with series of password keys and shared folders. Cash transactions are asily made. Many companies are using inventory systems for their success and growth. Inventory systems have a variety of functions purposes in business such as promoting the sales functions of inventory. Promoting the sale function deals with availability of sufficient products for the customer whereas shrinkage control function deals with monitoring the occurrence of damage less or theft, etc of the products. The G-ERB Construction Sup ply was established by Engineer Gregorio Valdez and managed by his wife Michelle O. Valdez. His main branch is located at Cuartero Highway, Jaro Iloilo City. The business started in December 2000 with 10 employees at main branch and 15 at the other branch making his business more successful. As we all know, technology is obviously of help by saving money, time and effort. The purpose of this study is to create a computerized inventory system for G-ERB Construction Supply. The research will develop a software application which could be able to meet the needs of the company when it comes to their inventory management. 2. Statement of the Problem . 2. 1 General Problem After thorough gathering of data through investigation, the group was able to determine the inventory system for G-ERB Construction Supply which needs to developed a better inventory management and eliminate or reduce risks of errors and fraud. This study will seek to answer what enhancement and design the construction supply can adopt for a more effective and efficient inventory system. 1. 2. 2 Specific Problem According to the information gathered, it has obviously identified the specific problems: a. Inaccurate inventory report This affects the stock control and recording and the reliability of records and supply management system. Also, error in recording and computation was encountered by the manager. b. Unsecured stocks information Manual inventory slip has and often been lost because it was only written in a piece of paper. It might be an unauthorized person can intrude and freely changed any possible information anytime they want. c. Unorganized stocks information Due to unorganized stocks information, the manager cannot keep up to date records of the stocks that may lead to over buying of unneeded stocks. . Objectives of the Study The study aims to give a solution to the existing problem in the current inventory system of G-ERB Construction Supply. 1. 3. 1 General Objectives of the Study After identifying the problems of G-ERB Construction Supply, our group was able to establish the objectives. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the current manual inventory system of G-ERB Construction Supply a nd come up with computerized inventory system for a better inventory management. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives of the Study a. Accurate inventory report Specifically, the aim of the study is to acquire a systematic flow of item inventory that will lead to accurate recording and reliability of records and supply management. It also aims to provide an easy and reliable access and storage of data for the present and future purposes. b. Secured stock information To create and implement a program that could store and manage a wide variety and amount of products that can be easily retrieved. To provide better security for the records that only authorized personnel could have access to it by creating a secured password and also to eliminate data redundancy. . Organized stock information To develop a monitoring inventory which could process inventory items that are not time consuming, in order for the owner to retrieve data more efficiently compared to their manual inventory. 4. Significance of the Study The main focus of the study is to create system software that will develop, enhance and improve the current inventory system of G-ERB Const ruction Supply. Give an organized and systematic flow in order to lessen time, effort, expenses through the use of computerized inventory system. Establishment. Adoption of the system enables the G-ERB Construction Supply to be more competitive and earn advantages than other businesses with the help of high technologies today. It also keep an accurate count of stocks. Management. Inventory system is an application used in monitoring and tracking sales on the store shelves. It reduces the storage of the product, and most importantly the competitive edge of having an efficient management of supply that reduces time and correct report of inventory levels, hereby, cause reduction in error. Overall, it helps to minimized the storage, labour and handling cost. It is easy to manage and record all the incoming and outgoing supplies and can generate report retrieve data faster, so that they can avoid losing and misplacing data. Personnel. The system helps the personnel to do the job easier without pressure and hassle in doing it â€Å"on the spot†, and the system helps to do their job better without much time and effort, lessening their stres s. Students. The students may gain valuable knowledge rom the study since they may be future managers and programmers of different companies. This may enhance the students capabilities and potentials in applying different principles and theories they learned inside the classroom. Researchers. The researchers may gain knowledge for future studies. Through the proposed system, they would be able to improve the system for a better use. 1. 5 Scope and Limitation This study was conducted to determine and monitor records for the stock on hand and supply that are being sold and also, to keep the records updated and accurate. This study was conducted at G-ERB Construction Supply last November 26, 2011 together with the manager Ms. Michelle O. Valdez and the members of the research team. It focuses only on the stocks inventory and keeping the records updated and accurate in order for the owner to be well informed about the situation of her business. This study was only limited because it does not cover the whole operations of their accounting and billing department. It does not include ordering and saving customer’s records. It is more focus on updating the records of stocks or the inventory of stocks. This system will not function without electricity. How to cite Chapter1 Inventory System of G-Erb Construction Supply, Papers

The Idea of Reparations free essay sample

Imagine being out in the fields hunting with your father. It has been a long day and a spitted warthog hangs between you. All of a sudden you are ambushed! An enemy tribe attacks you and your father. You fight using your makeshift spear but are overwhelmed by the number of tribesmen. You are hit in the head with a rock and fall unconscious. When you wake you are being loaded into a great wooden monster. You cringe in fear as you and your fellow captives are herded into this great wooden beast. You scream in protest at the white men who have chained you but they just beat you on the head with their rifles.You are taken into a dark and disgusting hold. The prisoners next to you are screaming in fear. The smell of waste and vomit permeates everything. As a white man chains you down below you think of your family and realize you are never going to see them again. Sleep comes slowly because Of the cries Of pain and misery; the rocking of the floor eventually puts you to sleep. A long time has passed. Your days consist of sleeping in your own filth, eating a disgusting porridge, and rarely seeing outside your hold. But one day the hold is opened and bright light blinds you.You are lifted to your weakened legs and led outside. The land is alien to you, and white men are everywhere. You are paraded in front of a great throng of white people. The humiliation is great as you are poked and inspected. Eventually you are shackled and loaded onto a horse-drawn cart. The ride is long and uncomfortable and the destination more frightening. You have no idea what is going to happen to you and are very much afraid. You come to a great house and are taken to the fields around the house. You are given into the custody of a great white brute.He puts you into a small cottage with other black men. You have a very difficult time understanding their languages but eventually they get a message across to you: You are a slave, and will live the rest of your days as one. This horrific experience happened an innumerable amount of times to the unfortunate victims of slavery. For 400 hundred years families, and sometimes entire communities, were herded onto ships and taken to the Americas and other distant lands to be sold into bondage. The sad tale of African Americans hardships in America does not end there.After slavery was abolished with the Emancipation Proclamation African Americans were treated as second-class citizens. The inabilities to vote or own land were sights blacks were denied. The Jim Crow laws acted as inhibitors to the development and prosperity of the African American community and stayed in place until the Civil Rights movement of the mid-20th century. After segregation was outlawed the black man was finally counted as an equal in America, five centuries after first setting foot on her (Randall). Of course the first emotional response to such a grave amount of injustice is outrage.Millions Of men, women, and children taken from their homes, transported on ships on which the inanimate cargo received better treatment, and sold to there men as objects. This horrifying and sad fully truthful scenario would disturb anyone with a conscious. The Mosaic Law demanded that when a fellow man was wronged he be monetarily compensated for the injustice, and the black community feels the same way. Now an old issue is getting an increasing amount of attention: Dont African Americans deserve reparations for the suffering and injustice their people have gone through?Reparations are defined as resources offered in return for harmful acts committed against a population (Reparations For African American Slavery). The offering of operations is an acknowledgment of responsibility, and an attempt to correct the wrongs of the past, as well as an attempt to repair the damage of the wrongs of the past . The African American community likens their situation to that of the Jews and Japanese Americans. The Israeli government has received nearly 100 billion in German marks for the crimes against Jews during the Holocaust.The American government has also monetarily compensated Japanese Americans for the wrongful internment of their peoples during World War II (Merriam). So, the black community asks, where is our insemination for centuries of free labor and suffering? Initially, after hearing Of the brutal suffering and injustice during slavery, one would agree with this statement. But the situation is more complex than that, and after taking everything into account, the realization that the debt has been paid. The African American community is the most prosperous black community in the world.The amount of educational and vocational opportunities is more numerous in the United States then any other country. Some of todays black communities clamor for reparations, but reparations to the black community is neither just nor wise. This is true for several reasons: those who would pay are innocent, further visualization of the black community would only bring more damage to it, and the debt has been paid, more than once. All those who are responsible for slavery, directly or indirectly, are dead. Their immediate families are dead.The only existing entity that benefited from slavery is the United States government. Todays black community that demands reparations demands it from the United States of America. The lowest monetary estimate for damages are around twenty-four trillion dollars (Reparations For African American Slavery). Though some estimate that to repay damages regarding slavery would cost around 900 trillion (Meriwether). Even for the wealthiest country in the world that amount is too much. Should the payments even be attempted it would fall at the feet of innocent taxpayers.Only one in five whites of the Antebellum South owned slaves. Even if that ratio was applied today the resulting amount of white Americans couldnt possibly pay the damages. It also would not be fair to tax the many immigrants of this country. Millions of todays citizens of America descend from immigrants who had absolutely nothing to do with slavery (Lowermost). Should they pay to? Those groups Of people who the black community likens themselves too, were paid directly, or to their direct family if the victim had died. This applied in both the case of Jews in the holocaust and Japanese Americans who were interned.The German government continues to pay the Israeli because as a race they were intentionally being exterminated, and as a race they have come together as a nation. This does not apply to todays black community. The last slave or immediate family member of a slave is dead. So why should todays blacks receive money for suffering they did not endure? The question is easy to answer [Lethe should not. The black community also believes there has been long-term damage caused by slavery and the result of it is a high percentage of black felons, out of wedlock births, and a growing gap in education.The fact is that when some blacks fail they blame slavery and segregation. But what is more at fault, the aged crime of slavery or visualization? Further visualization would be a grave side effect of reparations. In some satirical comedies portraying black communities a common line is Its cause Im black. This is written in a comical setting, but he underlying nugget of truth is there. Todays black community feels victimized and self-conscious. Thoughts of success are only possible with the assistance of the government or white intervention. Blacks feel they are owed something.This condition of thinking is not healthy for a person, let alone an entire society. Shelby Steele of the Hoover Institution summed up the damages of reparation perfectly in his essay, A Childish Illusion of Justice, he says When you dont know how to go forward, you find an excuse to go backward. You tell yourself that if you can just get a little justice for past offering, you will feel better about the challenges you face. So you make justice a condition of your going forward. But of course, there is no justice for past suffering, and to believe there is only guarantees more suffering. Further visualization only gives room for further excuses for failure and the thought of racial weakness for past affliction (Steele). The defining reason why reparations are notes is that the debt has been paid, in blood and money. Slavery had existed in human societies for thousands of years before the Atlantic Slave Trade. It began in Arab and African countries and spread to the est. of Europe. It is quite ironic that African Americans demand reparations when their ancestors began it, and being the last to embrace it, Anglo and Americans ended it.Black communities seem to forget that it was white initiative and military power that ended slavery the world over. Union soldiers died to crush slavery and the Confederate States who wanted to keep blacks in bondage. It is interesting that blacks ask for reparations from whites that are also descendants of the 350,000 men who died fighting to end slavery (Horopito). Are those descendants asking for reparations from African Americans? No, because it is ridiculous to ask someone for money for something your ancestor went through. The African American community is the 10th wealthiest in the world.That is from just residing in the U. S and living out their lives. Though the trip here was most horrid and lives Of slaves even worse, dont parents want something better for their offspring? What do current African Americans have than good lives in a rich and prosperous country? If their ancestors had stayed in Africa they would live on a continent ripe with governmental and economic instability. The United States has already addressed historical grievances concerning its black citizens. Many billions have gone to blacks in the forms of welfare, vocational, and educational preference (Horopito).What else could the United States do for blacks? The African American communities that insist on direct and vast monetary funds as penance seem perilously close on crossing the line from justice to greed. Reparations are a bad idea for these main reasons. The black communities just cause would be a grave injustice to those today who would have to pay it. Descendants of immigrants and the descendants of those who gave their ivies in the Civil War top the list of those who should absolutely not pay but would in the event of a Reparations Tax.The black community needs encouragement in its development, not further visualization that only results in lower self esteem and morale. Again, Shelby Steele says it best when he says, l cant be repaid for my grandfather. The point is that owe him a great The United States has already paid Off its debt to African Americans. The Slave Era was indeed a time of heartache and pain for slaves, but that time is long since passed. African Americans today enjoy more lath and opportunity then they could have ever gotten in a modern African nation.The fact is that no one group can be blamed for slavery. Should African Americans continue to demand reparations on flimsy grounds they should demand it of the African countries, in which it was likely ancestral tribesmen, sold them to passing slave traders. Reparations are not just, and todays African Americans must remember that they are todays African Americans. They do not live in bondage or segregation and have every opportunity to succeed, if they choose to stop looking bitterly to the past, and instead, to look forward too brighter future.